[Prolonged grief disorder: a new diagnostic entity in DSM-5TR]. / Trastorno por duelo prolongado: un nuevo diagnóstico en el DSM-5TR.

Grief is a normal response following the death of a beloved one. Prolonged grief disorder is defined when grief is intense and has persisted for an atypically long period of time; more than 6 months (ICD-11) or more than 12 months (DSM- 5TR). This article discusses the conceptual distance between this new disorder and that of classical descriptions, as considered in a distinct Section of the DSM-5. These differences suggest disagreements among different working groups for disorders. Freud's perspective on mourning and melancholia (mayor depression disorder) pertains also to a classical scope. The grief work is exemplified with an autobiographical case, that illustrates how borders between normal and pathological grief are blurred. Although a new disorder might assist an ever longer-lived population that becomes widow, the risk is the medicalization of grief.

[Trauma, from Freud to Lacan: A theoretical reinterpretation from the "linguistic turn"]. / El trauma de Freud a Lacan: una relectura teórica a partir del "giro lingüístico".

The aim of this paper is to show how the influence of the "linguistic turn" in the XX century philosophy is reflected in Jacques Lacan's analysis of trauma. In this regard, Lacan's reception of the "linguistic turn" is considered in the programmatic text that opens his Seminar: "The function and field of speech and language in psychoanalysis." In this text the impasse and ambiguities signaled by Sigmund Freud about how to understand the traumatic (is it something interior or exterior?) were resolved. The new perspective, laid open by the application of the "linguistic turn" to the idea of trauma, also modifies what we conceive as the localization of the unconscious (as something more exterior than interior) and what might be understood as the analyst's position during the treatment as well.

[Translating Hysteria: PTSD dissociative subtype]. / Traducir la histeria: estrés postraumático subtipo disociativo.

To address the symptoms of depersonalization and derealization a specific dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder has been included in DSM-5. Depersonalization and derealization have been defined as acute and chronic symptoms of dissociative disorders since DSM-III. Dissociative disorders with chronic features are often diagnosed in North America, Canada and other European countries, but this is not the case in Argentina. Dissociative disorders have clinical and historical features that are strongly connected with hysteria. The latter is included in ICD-10 within the guidelines for diagnoses of dissociative disorders. This would be one of the reasons for not using dissociative disorders with chronic presentations of symptoms like depersonalization and derealization in countries other than North America or Canada: instead hysteria keeps on been used. The relation between trauma, dissociation and hysteria has been explained in different ways depending on the underlying theory (i.e. Janet's or Freud's). Janet's conceptualizations have had decisive influence in DSM formulations in chronic forms of dissociative disorders. Janet's and Freud's theories lead to different consequences on psychotherapy: hypnosis or psychoanalysis. The aim of this article is to show that the authors of PTSD dissociative subtype are in search of a cross-cultural validity of the construct which might be able to exert a more global influence.

[DEBATING PSYCHIATRY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SOME RECENT DISCUSSIONS]. / Psiquiatría en debate. Una revisíon de tendencias críticas actuales en la literatura de origen anglosajón.

This paper reviews the principal critiques and reactions stated regarding the launching of DSM-5 up to the present days in Anglo-Saxon's mental health domain. The arguments are gathered as follows: current diagnoses systems; validity of psychiatric diagnoses; limits of the efficacy of psychiatric treatments (especially medications and conflict of interests); the image of psychiatry in user's networks. In the end controversies get polarized between medicalization of ordinary life and antipsychiatry. However, if acknowledged impasses and benevolent distrust are tolerated, it is possible to make a clinical use of the critiques and reactions.

[Posttraumatic stress disorder: meaningful changes in DSM-5]. / Trastorno por estrés postraumático: cambios significativos en el DSM-5.

UNLABELLED: The fact that posttraumatic stress disorder is a very important construct in public health and opinion, especially in the United States of America, has veiled it dubious specificity and problematic universality. HYPOTHESIS: the abandon of Freudian theory since 1980 was correlative of a permanent revision of criteria to define "traumatic" in DSM versions, as well as of revaluation of ancient theory of dissociation. METHOD: most meaningful changes introduced in PTSD criteria are critically reviewed from DSM-IV to DSM-5. "Traumatic", symptoms and dissociative estates, and a new preschool children subtype are revised. CONCLUSION: "Traumatic" yet being an artificial criterion is steel needed in order to keep the construct as a whole. Dissociative estates occupy an important place for the American authors and have turned more visible in DSM-5 than in previous DSM. New chapter "Trauma and stressor disorders" and new descriptions about PTSD support an enlarged clinical view of "traumatic". Inconsistencies found between reviews considered for PTSD in DSM-5 show that different work groups contribute to the construction of the disorder with fragmentary and divorced parts from one another.

[Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Political framework and content]. / Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Marco político y contenido.

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is an initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States of America, which based on research purposes consists of a new way of classifying mental disorders. His raison d'être is based on the conclusion that the knowledge progress of neurosciences does not seem to confirm the validity of the conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, researching based on such diagnoses would weaken the progress in Psychiatry. Besides these scientific reasons, the Research Domain Criteria project is born within a political framework, giving raise to economic tensions. The objective of this paper is to discuss the first issue without avoiding the second one.

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Marco político y contenido. / [Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Political framework and content].

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is an initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States of America, which based on research purposes consists of a new way of classifying mental disorders. His raison dÛtre is based on the conclusion that the knowledge progress of neurosciences does not seem to confirm the validity of the conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, researching based on such diagnoses would weaken the progress in Psychiatry. Besides these scientific reasons, the Research Domain Criteria project is born within a political framework, giving raise to economic tensions. The objective of this paper is to discuss the first issue without avoiding the second one.

Trastorno por estrés postraumático: cambios significativos en el DSM-5. / [Posttraumatic stress disorder: meaningful changes in DSM-5].

UNLABELLED: The fact that posttraumatic stress disorder is a very important construct in public health and opinion, especially in the United States of America, has veiled it dubious specificity and problematic universality. HYPOTHESIS: the abandon of Freudian theory since 1980 was correlative of a permanent revision of criteria to define "traumatic" in DSM versions, as well as of revaluation of ancient theory of dissociation. METHOD: most meaningful changes introduced in PTSD criteria are critically reviewed from DSM-IV to DSM-5. "Traumatic", symptoms and dissociative estates, and a new preschool children subtype are revised. CONCLUSION: "Traumatic" yet being an artificial criterion is steel needed in order to keep the construct as a whole. Dissociative estates occupy an important place for the American authors and have turned more visible in DSM-5 than in previous DSM. New chapter "Trauma and stressor disorders" and new descriptions about PTSD support an enlarged clinical view of "traumatic". Inconsistencies found between reviews considered for PTSD in DSM-5 show that different work groups contribute to the construction of the disorder with fragmentary and divorced parts from one another.

Trastorno por estrés postraumático: cambios significativos en el DSM-5 / [Posttraumatic stress disorder: meaningful changes in DSM-5].

UNLABELLED: The fact that posttraumatic stress disorder is a very important construct in public health and opinion, especially in the United States of America, has veiled it dubious specificity and problematic universality. HYPOTHESIS: the abandon of Freudian theory since 1980 was correlative of a permanent revision of criteria to define "traumatic" in DSM versions, as well as of revaluation of ancient theory of dissociation. METHOD: most meaningful changes introduced in PTSD criteria are critically reviewed from DSM-IV to DSM-5. "Traumatic", symptoms and dissociative estates, and a new preschool children subtype are revised. CONCLUSION: "Traumatic" yet being an artificial criterion is steel needed in order to keep the construct as a whole. Dissociative estates occupy an important place for the American authors and have turned more visible in DSM-5 than in previous DSM. New chapter "Trauma and stressor disorders" and new descriptions about PTSD support an enlarged clinical view of "traumatic". Inconsistencies found between reviews considered for PTSD in DSM-5 show that different work groups contribute to the construction of the disorder with fragmentary and divorced parts from one another.

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Marco político y contenido / [Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Political framework and content].

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is an initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States of America, which based on research purposes consists of a new way of classifying mental disorders. His raison d’Ûtre is based on the conclusion that the knowledge progress of neurosciences does not seem to confirm the validity of the conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, researching based on such diagnoses would weaken the progress in Psychiatry. Besides these scientific reasons, the Research Domain Criteria project is born within a political framework, giving raise to economic tensions. The objective of this paper is to discuss the first issue without avoiding the second one.

[Some remarks on the evolution of the concept of trauma]. / Algunas observaciones sobre la evolución del concepto de trauma.

A bibliographic review of some historical and currents theories and prejudices about trauma is presented. At first glance they may appear to be related with freudian's early hypothesis on trauma. I claim that the connection is paradoxical, and sometimes, inexistent. The psychoanalytic view is in complete disagreement with many actual theorists on trauma. At least two factors must be considered to explain the differences: conceptual on the one hand, and political on the other. These distinctions do have effects on institutional practices and are not mere academic controversies.

La degranulación de basófilos de pacientes sensibles a diclofenac no se asocia con aumento de la expresión de CD63 / Basophil degranulation in diclofenac reactive patients is not associated with CD63 expression

Antecedentes: los antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) producen mayoritariamente reacciones pseudoalérgicas, es decir no mediadas por IgE. Distintos mecanismos de secreción se han propuesto para reacciones alérgicas y anafilactoideas. Objetivos: comparar los resultados de la activación de basófilos en presencia de diclofenac por medio de microscopia óptica (test de degranulación de basófilos (Ba humanos, TDBH) y citometría de flujo (CF) (TAB) en pacientes sensibles a aspirina, a fin de poder sugerir un posible mecanismo de activación. Métodos: el TDBH se realizó mediante coloración con azul de toluidina en células mononucleares. Para el TAB se utilizaron la marcación con anti-IgE/anti-CD45 para identificar los Ba y la expresión de CD63 para evaluar la activación. Se registró el porcentaje de Ba activados en cada caso después de la estimulación con la droga. Se investigó la respuesta a 1 µg/mL y 10 µg/mL de diclofenac en 8 pacientes con historia clínica de sensibilidad a aspirina y en 8 controles. La estimulación con fMLP fue el control positivo de la reacción. Resultados: 8/8 pacientes presentaron TDBH positivo para ambas dosis de diclofenac (X ± DE:42,6 ± 14,6 por ciento para 1µg/mL; y 45,65 ± 14,3 por ciento para 10 µg/mL) con diferencias significativas respecto del grupo control (X ± DE: 10,23 ± 3,36 por ciento y 17,74 ± 6,49 por ciento para 1 y 10 µg/mL, respectivamente). El TAB fue negativo en 7/8 pacientes pero 1/8 tuvo una respuesta leve (7,2 por ciento). Los porcentajes de Ba activados después de la estimulación con fMLP fueron similares en ambos grupos estudiados y con ambas técnicas empleadas. Conclusión: los AINE inducen, en pacientes sensibles, degranulación de Ba a través de mecanismos diversos que pueden o no incluir la extrusión de los gránulos citoplasmáticos

La degranulación de basófilos de pacientes sensibles a diclofenac no se asocia con aumento de la expresión de CD63 / Basophil degranulation in diclofenac reactive patients is not associated with CD63 expression

Antecedentes: los antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) producen mayoritariamente reacciones pseudoalérgicas, es decir no mediadas por IgE. Distintos mecanismos de secreción se han propuesto para reacciones alérgicas y anafilactoideas. Objetivos: comparar los resultados de la activación de basófilos en presencia de diclofenac por medio de microscopia óptica (test de degranulación de basófilos (Ba humanos, TDBH) y citometría de flujo (CF) (TAB) en pacientes sensibles a aspirina, a fin de poder sugerir un posible mecanismo de activación. Métodos: el TDBH se realizó mediante coloración con azul de toluidina en células mononucleares. Para el TAB se utilizaron la marcación con anti-IgE/anti-CD45 para identificar los Ba y la expresión de CD63 para evaluar la activación. Se registró el porcentaje de Ba activados en cada caso después de la estimulación con la droga. Se investigó la respuesta a 1 Ag/mL y 10 Ag/mL de diclofenac en 8 pacientes con historia clínica de sensibilidad a aspirina y en 8 controles. La estimulación con fMLP fue el control positivo de la reacción. Resultados: 8/8 pacientes presentaron TDBH positivo para ambas dosis de diclofenac (X ± DE:42,6 ± 14,6 por ciento para 1Ag/mL; y 45,65 ± 14,3 por ciento para 10 Ag/mL) con diferencias significativas respecto del grupo control (X ± DE: 10,23 ± 3,36 por ciento y 17,74 ± 6,49 por ciento para 1 y 10 Ag/mL, respectivamente). El TAB fue negativo en 7/8 pacientes pero 1/8 tuvo una respuesta leve (7,2 por ciento). Los porcentajes de Ba activados después de la estimulación con fMLP fueron similares en ambos grupos estudiados y con ambas técnicas empleadas. Conclusión: los AINE inducen, en pacientes sensibles, degranulación de Ba a través de mecanismos diversos que pueden o no incluir la extrusión de los gránulos citoplasmáticos (AU)